1. 路由
1.1. 对路由的理解
1.2. 基本切换效果
Vue3中要使用vue-router的最新版本路由配置文件
index.ts代码如下:
import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router'
import Home from '@/views/Home.vue'
import About from '@/views/About.vue'
const router = createRouter({
history: createWebHistory(),
routes: [
{
path: '/',
component: Home
},
{
path: '/about',
component: About
}
]
})
export default router
main.ts代码如下:
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(router)
app.mount('#app')
App.vue代码如下
<template>
<div class="app">
<h2 class="title">Vue路由测试</h2>
<!-- 导航区 -->
<div class="navigate">
<RouterLink to="/" active-class="active">首页</RouterLink>
<RouterLink to="/about" active-class="active">关于</RouterLink>
</div>
<!-- 展示区 -->
<div class="main-content">
<RouterView></RouterView>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts" setup name="App">
import { RouterLink, RouterView } from 'vue-router'
</script>
<style scoped>
.title {
text-align: center;
word-spacing: 5px;
margin: 30px 0;
height: 70px;
line-height: 70px;
background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, gray, white);
border-radius: 10px;
box-shadow: 0 0 2px;
font-size: 30px;
}
.navigate {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-around;
margin: 0 100px;
}
.navigate a {
display: block;
text-align: center;
width: 90px;
height: 40px;
line-height: 40px;
border-radius: 10px;
background-color: gray;
text-decoration: none;
color: white;
font-size: 18px;
letter-spacing: 5px;
}
.navigate a.active {
background-color: #64967E;
color: #ffc268;
font-weight: 900;
text-shadow: 0 0 1px black;
font-family: 微软雅黑;
}
.main-content {
margin: 0 auto;
margin-top: 30px;
border-radius: 10px;
width: 90%;
height: 400px;
border: 1px solid;
}
</style>
1.3. 路由组件存放
路由组件通常存放在
views或pages文件夹,一般组件通常存放在components文件夹通过点击导航,视觉效果上“消失” 了的路由组件,默认是被
卸载掉的,需要的时候再去挂载
1.4.路由器工作模式
history模式优点:
URL更加美观,不带有#,更接近传统的网站URL缺点:后期项目上线,需要服务端配合处理路径问题,否则刷新会有
404错误const router = createRouter({ history:createWebHistory(), //history模式 /******/ })hash模式优点:兼容性更好,因为不需要服务器端处理路径
缺点:
URL带有#不太美观,且在SEO优化方面相对较差const router = createRouter({ history:createWebHashHistory(), //hash模式 /******/ })
1.5. to的两种写法
<!-- 第一种:to的字符串写法 -->
<router-link active-class="active" to="/home">主页</router-link>
<!-- 第二种:to的对象写法 -->
<router-link active-class="active" :to="{path:'/home'}">Home</router-link>
1.6. 命名路由
作用:可以简化路由跳转及传参
给路由规则命名:
routes:[
{
name:'zhuye',
path:'/home',
component:Home
},
{
name:'guanyv',
path:'/about',
component:About
},
]
跳转路由:
<!--简化前:需要写完整的路径(to的字符串写法) -->
<router-link to="/about">跳转</router-link>
<!--简化后:直接通过名字跳转(to的对象写法配合name属性) -->
<router-link :to="{name:'guanyv'}">跳转</router-link>
1.7. 嵌套路由
编写
About的子路由:Detail.vue配置路由规则,使用
children配置项:
const router = createRouter({
history: createWebHistory(),
routes: [
{
path: '/',
name: 'zhuye',
component: Home,
},
{
path: '/about',
name: 'guanyv',
component: About,
children:[
{
name:'xijie',
path: 'detail',
component: Detail
}
]
},
]
})
export default router
- 跳转路由(记得要加完整路径):
<router-link to="/about/detail">xxxx</router-link>
<!-- 或 -->
<router-link :to="{path:'/about/detail'}">xxxx</router-link>
- 记得去
About组件中预留一个<RouterView></RouterView>
<template>
<div class="about">
<nav class="about-list">
<RouterLink v-for="item in List"
:key="item.id"
:to="{path:'/about/detail'}"
>
{{ item.title }}
</RouterLink>
</nav>
<div class="about-detail">
<RouterView></RouterView>
</div>
</div>
</template>
1.8. 路由传参
query
- 传递参数
<!-- 跳转并携带query参数(to的字符串写法) -->
<RouterLink :to="`/about/detail?id=${item.id}&title=${item.title}&content=${item.content}`">
{{ item.title }}
</RouterLink>
<!-- 跳转并携带query参数(to的对象写法) -->
<RouterLink :to="{
path:'/about/detail',
query: {
id: item.id,
title: item.title,
content: item.content,
}
}">
{{ item.title }}
</RouterLink>
- 接收参数:
import { useRoute } from 'vue-router';
import { toRefs } from 'vue';
let route = useRoute()
let { query } = toRefs(route)
params
路由文件index.ts配置
import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from "vue-router"
import Home from "@/views/Home.vue"
import About from "@/views/About.vue"
import Detail from "@/views/Detail.vue"
const router = createRouter({
history: createWebHistory(),
routes: [
{
path: '/',
name: 'zhuye',
component: Home,
},
{
path: '/about',
name: 'guanyv',
component: About,
children: [
{
name: 'xijie',
path: 'detail/:id/:title/:content',
component: Detail
}
]
},
]
})
export default router
- 传递参数
<!-- 跳转并携带params参数(to的字符串写法) -->
<RouterLink :to="`/about/detail/${item.id}/${item.title}/${item.content}`">{{ item.title }}</RouterLink>
<!-- 跳转并携带params参数(to的对象写法) -->
<RouterLink :to="{
name: 'xijie', //用name跳转
params: {
id: item.id,
title: item.title,
content: item.content,
}
}">
{{ item.title }}
</RouterLink>
- 接收参数:
import { toRefs } from 'vue';
import { useRoute } from 'vue-router';
let route = useRoute()
let { params } = toRefs(route)
备注1:传递
params参数时,若使用to的对象写法,必须使用name配置项,不能用path备注2:传递
params参数时,需要提前在规则中占位
// content有就传,无就不传
{
path: '/about',
name: 'guanyv',
component: About,
children: [
{
name: 'xijie',
path: 'detail/:id/:title/:content?',
component: Detail
}
]
},
1.9. 路由的props配置
作用:让路由组件更方便的收到参数(可以将路由参数作为props传给组件)
{
name:'xijie',
path:'detail/:id/:title/:content',
component:Detail,
// props的对象写法,作用:把对象中的每一组key-value作为props传给Detail组件
// props:{a:1,b:2,c:3},
// props的布尔值写法,作用:把收到了每一组params参数,作为props传给Detail组件
// props:true
// props的函数写法,作用:把返回的对象中每一组key-value作为props传给Detail组件
props(route) {
return route.query
}
}
1.10. replace属性
作用:控制路由跳转时操作浏览器历史记录的模式
浏览器的历史记录有两种写入方式:分别为
push和replace:push是追加历史记录(默认值)replace是替换当前记录
开启
replace模式:
<RouterLink replace .......>XXX</RouterLink>
1.11. 编程式导航
路由组件的两个重要的属性:$route和$router变成了两个hooks
// <button @click="showAboutDetail(item)">查看</button>
import {useRoute,useRouter} from 'vue-router'
const route = useRoute()
const router = useRouter()
interface AboutInter {
id: string
title: string
content: string
}
function showAboutDetail(item:AboutInter) {
// router.push()括号填写类型与to一样
router.push({
name: 'xijie',
params: {
id: item.id,
title: item.title,
content: item.content,
}
})
}
1.12. 重定向
作用:将特定的路径,重新定向到已有路由。
具体编码:
{
path:'/',
redirect:'/about'
},
{
path: '/:catchAll(.*)',
redirect: '/404/'
}